Scientific Management Theory

 

A theory that analyzes and synthesizes workflows. Its main objective is improving economic efficiency, especially labor productivity particularly in professional, office based environments.

This theory was presented by Frederick Winslow Taylor. He gave the idea to run the organization in scientific way.

The Principles of this theory are:

(1) Science, Not Rule of Thumb: We should not get stuck in a set routine with the old techniques of doing work, rather we should be constantly experimenting to develop new techniques which make the work much simpler, easier and quicker.

(2) Harmony, Not Discord: Such an atmosphere should be created in the organization that labour (the major factor of production) and management consider each other indispensable.

Taylor has referred to such a situation as a ‘Mental Revolution’. Taylor firmly believed that the occurrence of a mental revolution would end all conflicts between the two parties and would be beneficial to both of them.

(3) Cooperation, Not Individualism: All the activities done by different people must be carried on with a spirit of mutual cooperation. Taylor has suggested that the manager and the workers should jointly determine standards. This increases involvement and thus, in return, increases responsibility. In this way we can expect maximum work production.

(4) Development of Each and Every Person’s Efficiency and Prosperity: The efficiency of each and every person should be taken care of right from his selection. A proper arrangement of everybody’s training should be made. Since all works should be done in limited time and measured accurately.

As this theory aimed at lowering the unit cost by increasing the efficiency of management. It is rigid and focused on discipline, high concentration on job and strict incentive pay system.